Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), now referred to as Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), is one of the most common hormonal conditions affecting women of reproductive age.

While the original name focuses on the ovaries, the condition is now increasingly understood as a complex hormonal and metabolic syndrome involving insulin regulation, androgens (male hormones), inflammation, and ovulatory function.

PCOS can affect many aspects of health, including menstrual cycles, fertility, skin, weight regulation, energy, mood, and long-term metabolic health. Because it presents differently in each individual, a personalised and holistic approach is essential.

PCOS vs PMOS: Why did the name change?

You may see many practitioners referring to PCOS as PMOS (Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome).

This updated terminology reflects a more modern understanding of the condition, highlighting that it involves not only the ovaries, but also the endocrine (hormonal) system and metabolic health, particularly insulin regulation.

What is PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)?

PCOS is a hormonal condition typically diagnosed when at least two of the following features are present:

Irregular or absent ovulation
Elevated androgens (such as testosterone)
Polycystic-appearing ovaries on ultrasound

It is important to note that not all women with PCOS will have ovarian cysts, and ovarian cysts alone do not confirm a diagnosis of PCOS.

PCOS is increasingly understood as a metabolic-hormonal condition, rather than solely a reproductive disorder.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

Symptoms of PCOS can vary significantly between individuals and may include:

Irregular or absent periods
Hormonal acne, often around the jawline
Excess hair growth (hirsutism)
Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
Weight changes or difficulty losing weight
Fatigue or low energy
Sugar cravings or blood sugar imbalances
Mood changes, anxiety or low mood

Because these symptoms overlap with other hormonal conditions, PCOS is often missed or diagnosed late.

What causes PCOS?

There is no single cause of PCOS. Instead, it is influenced by a combination of factors, including:

Insulin resistance and blood sugar dysregulation
Chronic inflammation
Hormonal imbalance (androgens, oestrogen, progesterone)
Genetics
Stress and cortisol dysregulation
Gut health and microbiome balance

For many women, PCOS is strongly linked to metabolic health and insulin regulation, not just reproductive hormones.

Types of PCOS patterns

PCOS is not one uniform condition. Common presentations include:

Insulin-resistant PCOS: Often associated with fatigue, sugar cravings, weight changes, and difficulty regulating blood sugar.

Inflammatory PCOS: Linked with chronic inflammation, skin conditions, gut symptoms, or food sensitivities.

Post-pill PCOS: Symptoms may emerge after stopping hormonal contraception as the body re-establishes natural hormone production.

Adrenal or stress-related PCOS: Where stress and cortisol influence ovulation and androgen levels.

Why PCOS is often missed or misunderstood

Many women are told their results are “normal” despite ongoing symptoms. Standard testing may not always capture early or subtle hormonal imbalance, particularly when symptoms fluctuate or present outside classic patterns. A diagnosis is also only part of the picture — it does not explain why the imbalance is occurring.

The Naturopathic Approach to PCOS

As a naturopath, I take a holistic approach to PCOS, focusing on identifying and addressing underlying drivers rather than symptoms alone. Support may include working with:

Blood sugar regulation and insulin sensitivity
Hormonal balance and ovulation support
Nutrient status and deficiencies
Gut health and digestive function
Inflammation and immune balance
Stress and nervous system regulation

Treatment is always individualised, as each presentation of PCOS is different.

Why PCOS is more than a reproductive condition

PCOS is not only about fertility or menstrual cycles. It can also influence:

Long-term metabolic health
Insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular health
Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Early support can be important in reducing long-term health risks and improving quality of life.

As a naturopath, I often see women experiencing PCOS symptoms long before receiving a clear diagnosis. Many are told their results are “normal” despite ongoing hormonal and metabolic symptoms that affect daily wellbeing.

PCOS is a complex condition, but with the right support, it is possible to improve symptoms, support cycle regularity, and address underlying metabolic and hormonal imbalances.

Based in Leichhardt, Sydney, and working with clients Australia-wide online, I offer personalised naturopathic support to help you understand your hormones and work towards sustainable, long-term health.

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Frequently asked questions:

Yes. PCOS is diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms and hormonal markers, not just the presence of ovarian cysts.
Many women find that with the right approach - by identifying their specific driver of PCOS and addressing factors such as blood sugar regulation, hormonal balance, stress, and nutrient status - their cycle regularity, skin, energy, and overall wellbeing can improve significantly.
There is no single cause. PCOS is thought to result from a combination of insulin resistance, hormonal imbalance, inflammation, genetics, and stress.
Yes. Stress can influence cortisol levels, which may impact ovulation, insulin sensitivity, and androgen balance.
Nutrient support for PCOS depends on the underlying driver of the condition, as PCOS is not the same for everyone.
The most common form is insulin-resistant PCOS, where blood sugar regulation plays a key role.
However, because PCOS can also be influenced by inflammation, stress, or post-pill hormonal changes, nutrient needs can vary significantly between individuals.
For this reason, personalised assessment is important rather than a one-size-fits-all supplement approach.